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Ecteinacsidia diaphanis (Sluiter, 1885)

Colonial Sea Squirt

Victoria Dewar-Fowler (2013)

 

 

Fact Sheet

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Summary


Physical Description


Ecology


Life History & Behaviour


Reproduction and Development


Anatomy & Physiology


The Tunic


Musculature


Respiratory and Circulatory Systems


Digestive System, Nutrition and Excretion


Nervous System


Evolution & Systematics


Biogeographic Distribution


Conservation & Threats


Microplastic Study


References and Links


Glossary


References

References


Browne, M. A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T. S., Lowe, D. M., & Thompson,R. C. (2008). Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatorysystem of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environmental science & technology42(13),5026-5031.

Blum, J. C., Chang, A. L., Liljesthröm, M., Schenk, M. E., Steinberg, M. K.,& Ruiz, G. M. (2007). The non-native solitary ascidian Cionaintestinalis (L.) depresses species richness. Journal of Experimental MarineBiology and Ecology342(1), 5-14.

Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T. S. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Marine pollution bulletin62(12), 2588-2597.

Derraik, J. G. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine pollution bulletin44(9),842-852.

Delsuc, F., Brinkmann, H., Chourrout, D., & Philippe, H. (2006). Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates. Nature439(7079), 965-968.

Discoverlife.org. (2013). Map of Ecteinascidia diaphanis -- Discover Life. Accessed on 24 October 2013 http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20mw=720&r=0.2&e=0.00000&n=0.00000&z=0&kind=Ecteinascidia+diaphanis&la=0&lo=0&guide=MYB?637,229 

Eriksson, C., & Burton, H. (2003). Origins and biological accumulation of small plastic particles in fur seals from Macquarie Island. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment32(6), 380-384.

Fox, R. (2007). Invertebrate Anatomy Online. Ecteinascidia diaphanis. Accessed on 28 October 2013 http://lanwebs.lander.edu/faculty/rsfox/invertebrates/ecteinascidia.html

Gaill, F. (1980). Glycogen and degeneration in the plyoric gland of Dendrodoa grossularia (Ascidiacea, Tunicata). Cell Tissue Res, 208,197-206.

Harrison, F. W., and Ruppert, . (1991). Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates: Volume 15:Hemichordata, Cheatognatha, and the Invertebrate Chordates. Wiley-Liss, Inc, 221-347.

Herdman, W.A. (1882). Report on the Tunicata collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Pt I, Ascidiae simplices. Zoology Challenger Expedition, 6, 1–296.

Gosliner, T. M., Behrens, D. W., & Williams, G. C. (1996). Coral reef animals of the Indo-Pacific: animal life from Africa to Hawaii exclusive of the vertebrates, Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 294.

Locke, A., Hanson, J. M., Ellis, K. M., Thompson, J., & Rochette, R.(2007). Invasion of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence by the clubbed tunicate (Styelaclava Herdman): Potential mechanisms for invasions of Prince EdwardIsland estuaries. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology342(1), 69-77.

Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of Queensland Museum, 23, 1–438.

Kott, P. (1992) The Australian Ascidiacea, Supplement 2 Memoirs of Queensland Museum, 32, 621-655.

Kott,P. (2005). Ascidiacea - Catalogue of Tunicata in Australian Waters. Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.

Lambert, C. C., & Lambert, G. (2003). Persistence and differential distribution of non indigenous ascidians in harbors of the Southern California Bight. Marine ecology. Progress series259, 145-161.

Meglitsch, P.A. and Schram,F. R. (1991). Invertebrate Zoology. 3rd ed. OxfordUniversity Press. 578-583
Parry, D. L. (1984). Chemical properties of the test of ascidians in relation to predation. Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf17(3), 279-282.

Pechenik, J.A. (2010). Biology of the Invertebrates. 6th ed. McGraw Hill. 540-544.

Plastics Europe, 2012. Plastics – the Facts 2012. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data for 2011.

Ruppert, E. E.,Fox, R. S, and Barnes, R. B. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology, A functional evolutionary approach. 7 th ed.Brooks Cole Thomson, Belmont CA. 940-951.

Sepmstrata.org. 2013. HeronIsland Reef - SEPM Strata. Accessed on 25 October 2013 http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=395 

Shenkar, N., Gittenberger, A., Lambert, G.,Rius, M., Moreira Da Rocha, R., J Swalla, B.J. & Turon, X. (2012). WorldAscidiacea Database. Accessed on 26 October 2013http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/ 

Sluiter, C. P. 1885. Ueber einige einfachen Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 134, 160–232.


Stoecker, D. (1980). Chemical defenses ofascidians against predators. Ecology, 1327-1334.

Thompson, R. C., Ylva O., Mitchell, R. P.,Davis, A., Rowland, S. J., John, A. W. G., Daniel McGonigle, D. and Russell, A. E. (2004). Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?. Science, 304, 838-838.


Classification

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